The Roman Baths of Las Bóvedas, located in Marbella, Malaga, are a unique archaeological treasure of the third century AD that has stood the test of time at the mouth of the Guadalmina River. This site, declared an Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC), has been cared for and studied since 2007 to ensure its conservation and enhancement.

This project set out to understand in depth the structure of the hot springs. We set out to describe every detail of its construction, analyze its structural stability using finite element models and pressure lines, and evaluate how environmental conditions affect its integrity. In addition, we drew guidelines for future interventions and defined the materials needed for consolidation works.

We thoroughly reviewed previous studies, graphic documentation and planimetry from various periods, as well as a topographic survey from 2018 and analysis of emergent structures from 2020. This analysis allowed us to know not only the construction itself, but also its surroundings, environmental conditions and the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the site.

The inspection, carried out in June 2023, included sampling, destructive and non-destructive testing, and a drone flight to create a detailed photogrammetric model, generating 3D models that supported detailed geometry, construction periods, materials and damage plans. Providing us with a clear view of its current state.

To analyze the structural behavior, we evaluated the mechanical properties of the materials and made structural models with finite elements and pressure lines. Although we found some collapsed areas, the structure proved to be stable. However, to improve its durability and stop degradation, specific interventions are required.

Our analysis concluded that the structure can resist the stresses of its own weight and the seismic activity of the area. We recommend replacing the underpinning added in previous interventions with suitable materials, as they contribute significantly to structural stability. We also propose several measures to restore structural integrity and correct the deterioration processes identified.

This study was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of specialized technicians, completed in October 2023.